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John Juzek
John Juzek ''(né'' Janek Jůzek, ''aka'' Jan, ''aka'' Johann;1892 Písek, Czech Republic – approx 1965 Schönbach, Czech Republic) was a Czechoslovakian merchant, widely known in North America as an exporter of violins, violas, cellos, and double basses made and labeled under his anglicized name, "John Juzek," crafted mostly by guilds and various independent makers in the Bohemia region of the Czechoslovakia and Germany border.〔''Land Battle Across A Generation,'' ''The Record'' (Bergen County), August 20, 1999〕
The John Juzek trademark, brand, and line of orchestral string instruments endures today through the original -year-old family-owned wholesaler, Metropolitan Music Co., currently owned and managed by the heirs of Robert Juzek (1894–1975), a founding partner and sibling of John Juzek.
== The string instruments ==
Labels
: The John Juzek imprint on the labels inside the F-holes reflect an import-to-the-U.S trade name, not the craftsman. The city and country imprint reflects the location of Juzek's shops, mostly in Prague before World War II. From 1920 through the 1970s, the craftsmen were from the Bohemia region on both sides of the German-Czechoslovakian border. Extant instruments from the 1920s have labels reading "Jan Juzek," the Czech version of his given name, yet other parts of the label, "Violin Maker in Prague," are spelled in English.〔Label: Jan Juzek, Violin Maker in Prague, No. 9, 1923〕
Label colors
: Black labels indicate that the instrument was made by an outside vendor. Multicolored labels were used for violins.〔''Violin identification and price guide,'' Vol. 1, by Roy Ehrhardt, Kansas City, MO: Heart of America Press, pg. 24 (1977) 〕〔''The Etude,'' Theodore Presser, Vol. 70, Issues 7-12, Page 52〕
Instruments
: Janek Juzek, himself, was a violin maker,〔''The Violin Makers of Bohemia: Including Craftsmen of Moravia and Slovakia,'' Karel Jalovec, London: Anglo-Italian publication, pps. 116 & 149 (1959) 〕 and crafted instruments in his own shop in Prague sometime between 1910 and 1920, using wood from torn down houses and churches, when he could find it, otherwise from the Carpathian Mountains, which formed the eastern border of Czechoslovakia. For the Master Art series, Juzek adopted standard patterns of classic violin lutheirs, including:
# Stradivarius
# Guarnerius: Guarnerian outline, soundholes slightly elongated; Stradivarian scroll〔
# Nicolò Gagliano
# Guadagnini
# Testore
# Maggini
As demand string instruments in North America increased, John Juzek purchased violins violas, cellos, and double bases from craftsmen, mostly from Schönbach, and, according to advertising literature of Czechoslovak to build instruments fitting his specifications.〔''Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers,'' by William Henley, Brighton, England: Amati Pub. Ltd. (1957) 〕〔''Encyclopedia of Violin-Makers,'' (Vol. 1 of 2 Vols.), edited by Karel Jalovec, London: Paul Hamlyn (1968) 〕
Manufacturing and export
: In the early 1900s, John Juzek ran a factory in Schönbach, Czechoslovakia (renamed Luby after World War II), where the John Juzek labeled instruments were crafted. Juzek also was the export merchant for independent craftsmen, for whom the instruments were also labeled with the John Juzek name.
Manufacturing region
: Schönbach, well-known for violinmaking, was once dubbed the "Austrian Cremona" when Bohemia was part of Austria-Hungary. From 1880 to the beginning of World War II, and even through the 1970s, Bohemia was a thriving area in eastern Germany and Czechoslovakia, where student-quality violin making flourished as a supplier to North America. To support the town's industry, Schönbach founded the Violin Making School, founded in 1908 as an addition to the Schönbach Music School founded in 1873.
: A nearby town, Markneukirchen (5 miles / 8.6 kilometers from Schönbach), produced about seven million violins, violas, cellos, and basses from 1880 to 1914. Markneukirchen, during that era, was the financial center of the German music industry and before 1914, it had more millionaires per capita than any other city in Germany. Markneukirchen, with a population of 7,847 in 1900, produced and exported so many instruments to the United States that it was home to an American Consulate with a trade attaché.[German-Factory Fiddles: The Mystery of Origin, )'' by Richard Ward, Richmond, CA: ''Strings'' (magazine), November 16, 2012〕 The rapid rise and subsequent fall of sales to the U.S. was driven by strong U.S. currency and low labor costs in Bohemia region of Czechoslovakia.〔''Commerce Reports,'' Roy D. Chapin, U.S. Secretary of Commerce (1932), Vol. 2, pg. 87〕]
: In 1900, Schönbach gained access to electricity and was connected to a railway network. In the following years, more than 3,000 craftsmen were employed as violin makers — annual production increased to 150,000 units. In the summer of 1927, the Luthier monument was unveiled in Schönbach, memorializing all the unknown violin makers and producers of musical instruments who have made outstanding contributions in Schönbach. During The Great Depression and World War II violin making in Schönbach declined dramatically. Immediately following World War II, almost all luthiers of German descent living in Czechoslovakia were deported. Most settled in either Bubenreuth or Erlangen.
Export and distribution
: The instruments were sold in North America, mostly in the New York City area, exclusively through Metropolitan Music Co. (originally named Czechoslovak Musical Instruments Company), a New York City firm founded in 1920 by Robert J. Juzek (1894–1975)〔''Robert Juzek'', ''The Music Trades'', Vol. 103, 1975, pg. 107〕〔''85 years of violin-making excellence: Metropolitan Music and the Juzek family celebrates an anniversary with a sharpened focus on serving the needs of stringed instrument players everywhere'' (company profile): ''The Music Trades'', February 1, 2005〕 Robert's four brothers were involved in the business in various capacities:
# John Juzek
# William Juzek (1905–1942)〔''William Juzek'', ''New York Times'', July 7, 1942〕
# Jerry Juzek ''(né'' Jaromir Juzek; 1901–1991)
# Charles Juzek ''(né'' Karel Juzek; 1896–1979)
: Before the founding of Czechoslovak Musical Instruments Company, Robert Juzek had traveled to New York aboard the SS ''Imperator'', arriving March 2, 1920, as a secretary for the Czecho Slovak Commercial Corp., located at 59 Pearl Street, New York City, a Czechoslovakian exporter of orchestral instruments.〔SS ''Imperator'' Manifest, U.S. Immigration Officer at Port of Arrival, March 2, 1920, Ellis Island Foundation archives〕
: By the 1930s, the Czechoslovak Musical Instruments Company in New York City was selling violins, violas, cellos, double basses, mandolins, banjo mandolins, ukuleles, banjo ukeleles, tenor ukuleles, tiples, banjos, tenor banjos, and guitars.
: After World War II ended, John Juzek no longer was connected with Metropolitan Music Co. Robert Juzek began making all the contracts directly with the shops. When Robert Juzek died in 1975, his son, Bob Juzek ''(né'' Robert Juzek; born 1938) became the president. Metropolitan Music Co. is now managed by Bob's two sons, Rob and Adam, the third generation family of the founder. The current John Juzek string instruments are made in Europe and China.
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